Pincer nail deformity (PND), also known as trumpet or involuted nail, is a chronic, often painful, onychopathy characterized by an exaggerated transverse overcurvature of the nail plate. Unlike typical onychocryptosis (ingrown toenail), which usually involves soft tissue impingement at the lateral nail fold, PND involves the progressive, symmetrical or asymmetrical, involution of the nail plate […]

The human circulatory system is a marvel of biological engineering, an intricate network responsible for delivering life-sustaining oxygen and nutrients to every cell while removing metabolic waste. When this system fails, particularly in the body’s extremities, the consequences are profound. Poor circulation, medically defined as ischemia, represents a critical failure in this delivery mechanism. Because […]

The practice of foot care fundamentally revolves around the assessment and modification of biomechanical loads to alleviate pain, promote healing, and prevent future pathology in the lower limb. Among the multitude of therapeutic materials available to the clinician, adhesive podiatry felt—also known historically as chiropody felt—remains a cornerstone of conservative foot care. This versatile material, […]

The intricate biomechanics of the human foot are dependent on a complex network of bones, ligaments, tendons, and fascia working in synchrony to manage the forces of ambulation and support the entire body weight. Among the most critical, yet frequently injured, components of the forefoot is the plantar plate. A thick, fibrocartilaginous structure located beneath […]

Pitted keratolysis (PK), scientifically termed keratolysis plantare sulcatum or keratoma plantare sulcatum, is a common, non-inflammatory, superficial bacterial infection affecting the stratum corneum, predominantly of the weight-bearing plantar surfaces of the feet. Characterized by numerous small, circular, crater-like depressions or “pits” and frequently accompanied by a distinctive, pungent malodor, PK is a highly treatable condition […]